About the Carleton Bloggers


Jeffrey C Buysse 
Deborah Grounds






Jeffrey C. Buysse

Director of Research
Jeff Buysse joined the Carleton Research Department in 1985 and has served as Director of Research since 1991. He has authored numerous "white paper" type reports about various topics in our industry and regularly serves as a speaker/instructor at seminars and continuing education classes regarding consumer credit math. He has extensive experience in computational analysis and is sought out as a consultant by both the public and private sectors of the consumer credit industry. He is also the editor of "The Cost of Personal Borrowing in the United States" which provides update summaries of consumer credit lending laws to over 200 subscribers.

AUTHORED PUBLICATIONS

Life in a Balloon – X0533 – 1986 – Outlines credit insurance coverage options for balloon payment transactions. (Co-authored with Director Rick Lanham)

A Fee is a Fee…Or Is It? –X0537 – 1986 – The effect of various fees on consumer credit transactions. (Co-authored with Director Rick Lanham)

Right Number…Wrong Answer. Actuarial vs. U.S. Rule A.P.R. Calculations - X0539 – 1988 – Illustrates the similarities and differences of computing APR values by the two methods outlined in Appendix J of Regulation Z. (Co-authored with Director Rick Lanham)

Understanding MOB Credit Insurance Rates – X0558 – 1991 - Discusses the properties of different types of credit insurance rates and their relationships.

Methods to the Madness, The Rule Anticipation Refund Method – X0561 – 1992 - Explains and illustrates the Rule of Anticipation method that is often misunderstood.

Counting Time for Consumer Credit Transactions – X0563 – 1994 – Illustrates the most common time counting methods used to compute interest for consumer credit transactions.

Virginia Deregulation Bill 212 – X0566 – 1995 – Illustrates the effects of the then proposed deregulation bill for the small loan segment of business.

Understanding Daily Simple Interest Calculations – X0568 – 1995 – Explains and illustrates the differences between traditional periodic interest calculations and “per diem” calculations.

The Effect of “No Interest” Financing on the Truth-in-Lending A.P.R. – X0573 – 1996 – The advent of “No Interest” retail sales contracts had a profound, and unforseen, effect on the T-I-L A.P.R. ( This report was submitted to the Federal Reserve Board at their request for help in constructing commentary addressing this issue.)

Credit Insurance Premium Calculations: Mystery, Magic, or Mathematics??? - X0575 – 2000 – Illustrates the basic concepts of credit life insurance premium calculations. Outlines the differences between “gross” and “net payoff” coverage methods.

ARTICLES AUTHORED

“Actuarial vs. U.S. Rule Interest Computation Methods” 1992
“Actuarial Refund Calculations” 1992
“No Interest and the A.P.R.” 1996
“Gross Life Coverage and the NAIC Model” 1997
“The ‘Right’ Payment” 2001
“When the APR isn’t the Interest Rate” 2002
“The ‘MOB’ Rush” 2004
“The Changing Face of Credit Insurance” 2005
“Blind Date Dilemma” 2006
“When 30 days is not a Month” 2008
“U.S Rule or Actuarial” 2009
“The Power of the Schedule” 2011

PROFESSIONAL/EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITES

1992 – Guest Instructor - Actuarial Refund Computations – Bloomington, IN. Indiana Department of Financial Institutions Continuing Education Seminar for field examiners.

1995 – Discussion Panel Member – Consumer Finance Industry Deregulation Seminar. Richmond, VA. Sponsored by the Virginia Financial Services Association.

1996 – Speaker – No Interest and the A.P.R. – National Association of Consumer Credit Administrators Annual Meeting – Washington, D.C.

1996 – Instructor – Interest Computations and their Components – National Association of Consumer Credit Administrators – Chicago, IL – Sponsored by the Illinois Department of Financial Institutions.

1997 – Instructor – Interest Computations and their Components – National Association of Consumer Credit Administrators Continuing Education School – San Antonio, TX – Sponsored by the Texas Office of the Consumer Credit Commissioner.

1998 – Instructor – Interest Computations and their Components – National Association of Consumer Credit Administrators Continuing Education School – Memphis, TN – Sponsored by the Tennessee Department of Financial Institutions.

1999 – Instructor – Credit Insurance Premiums and their Properties – National Association of Consumer Credit Administrators - Lansing, MI – Sponsored by the Michigan Department of Commerce.

2001 – Instructor – Credit Insurance Premiums/Interest Calculations – National Association of Consumer Credit Administrators Continuing Education School – Denver, CO- Sponsored by the Colorado Attorney General’s Office.

2002 – Speaker – MOB Credit Insurance Premium Calculations – Credit Insurance Association – Atlanta, GA.

2002 – Instructor – Open End Credit Calculations / HOEPA Fee Triggers – National Association of Consumer Credit Administrators Continuing Education School – Columbia, SC – Sponsored by the South Carolina Department of Consumer Affairs.

2002 – Speaker – MOB Credit Insurance Premium Calculations – Consumer Credit Insurance Association Annual Meeting – Hilton Head, SC.

2005 – Instructor – Credit Insurance Premiums/Premium Refunds – National Association of Consumer Credit Administrators Continuing Education School – Fort Lauderdale, FL – Sponsored by the Florida Bureau of Finance Regulation.

2006 – Instructor – Interest Computation Methods – National Association of Consumer Credit Administrators Continuing Education School – Kansas City, MO – Sponsored by the Missouri
Division of Finance.

2007 – Speaker – Compliance in Motor Vehicle Contracts and Calculations - NABD Collections Conference – Atlanta, GA.

2007 – Instructor – Interest Computation Methods / Refund Methods - National Association of Consumer Credit Administrators Continuing Education School – Portland, ME – Sponsored by the Maine Office of Consumer Credit.

2007 – Instructor – Interest Rates and Profits – National Institute of Consumer Credit Management – Marquette University – Milwaukee, WI – Sponsored by AFSA.

2010 – Instructor- Consumer Credit Math – National Association of Consumer Credit Administrators Continuing Education School – Memphis, TN.

2010 – Speaker/Panelist – Fiserv Lending Annual Users Meeting – Lending Compliance Panel. Current Events. – San Diego, CA.

2010- Speaker – APPRO/CRIF Annual Users Meeting – “When the APR isn’t the Interst Rate” – Breakout session – New Orleans, LA.

ASSOCIATE MEMBER ( 2002 – Present) – American Financial Services Association – State Government Affairs Committee.




Deborah Grounds
Vice President of Technology Services
Deb serves Carleton as Vice President of Technology Services and manages all software product lines and IT services. Her responsibilities include overseeing the IT and programming departments, new and existing product development, project management, training, software quality assurance planning and testing, disaster recovery, and an offsite co-location hosting facility.

Mrs. Grounds has over nineteen years experience in software development for the financial and credit insurance industries since joining Carleton, Inc. as a staff programmer in 1993. She is a graduate of Western Michigan University with a degree in Computer Science and has completed the Executive Management program in Supervisory Development at the University of Notre Dame.